Major
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Biopsy proven metastatic melanoma or non-squamous NSCLC with at least one untreated
brain metastasis that is at least 5 mm AND twice the MRI slice thickness, but less
than 20 mm, which is asymptomatic and not requiring immediate local therapy or
steroids.
2. Patients who have had prior resection or biopsy of a CNS metastasis will be required
to provide a paraffin embedded specimen from tumor taken at the time of surgery, if
available.
3. Patients will be required to undergo biopsy or submit archival tumor tissue from a
systemic site of disease for correlative studies. When not feasible, this
requirement can be waived after discussion with the principal investigators.
4. PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue from any site determined by the Dako 22C3 assay is
required for patients with NSCLC.
5. Adequate organ function.
6. ECOG performance status < 2.
7. Any number of previous treatments with the exception of previous inhibitors of PD-1
or PD-L1.
8. Life expectancy of at least 3 months.
9. Understanding and willingness to consent.
10. A history of radiotherapy for brain metastases is allowed, but any lesion present at
the time of WBRT or included in the stereotactic radiotherapy field will NOT be
considered evaluable unless documented to have progressed since treatment.
Overall
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Biopsy proven metastatic melanoma or non-squamous NSCLC with at least one untreated
cerebral metastasis that is at least 5 mm AND twice the MRI slice thickness, but
less than 20 mm, that is asymptomatic and does not require local therapy at the time
of enrollment ("clinically evaluable lesion(s)"). An untreated brain metastasis is
defined as a lesion not present at the time of whole brain radiation therapy or
included in a stereotactic radiotherapy field (or within 2mm of a treated lesion),
or any lesion that is new or unequivocally progressing since prior radiation
therapy.
2. ECOG performance status < 2. 3. Any number of previous treatments with the exception of previous inhibitors of PD-1,
PD-L1, or PD-L2. Other prior systemic therapies must have been administered at least
2 weeks before administration of pembrolizumab; the exception to this is ipilimumab
which must have been administered at least 4 weeks prior to the start of
pembrolizumab. Patients are not required to have had prior systemic therapy.
4. Life expectancy of at least 3 months. 5. A history of previously treated brain metastases is allowed, provided that at least
7 days have lapsed between radiation and initiation of pembrolizumab. Any brain
metastasis ≥ 20mm or causing symptoms must be treated with local therapy (i.e.
radiation or surgical resection, as clinically appropriate) prior to study
enrollment. Any lesion present at the time of WBRT or included in the stereotactic
radiotherapy field (or within 2mm of the treated lesion) will NOT be considered
evaluable unless it is new or documented to have progressed since treatment.
6. PD-L1 expression >1% in tumor tissue from any site is required for patients with
NSCLC. Tumor tissue can be archival if no intercurrent systemic therapy was
administered, however if no archival tissue is available or if intercurrent systemic
therapy was administered, then a biopsy must be obtained for PD-L1 testing. PD-L1
expression must be obtained using the Dako 22C3 assay in a CLIA-certified
laboratory. PD-L1 expression is not required for patients with melanoma.
7. All patients are required to submit a tumor specimen for analysis (brain or
extra-cerebral). A formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue block, or a 4mm
punch from an FFPE block must be submitted. If it is not possible to safely obtain a
biopsy due to anatomic location of tumors, and no prior tissue is available, this
requirement may be waived upon discussion with the study PI or co-PI.
8. Patients must have normal organ and marrow function (as defined in the protocol) at
the time of screening.
9. Female subject of childbearing potential should have a negative urine or serum
pregnancy within 72 hours prior to receiving the first dose of study medication. If
the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy
test will be required.
10. Female subjects of childbearing potential should be willing to use 2 methods of
birth control or be surgically sterile, or abstain from heterosexual activity for
the course of the study through 120 days after the last dose of study medication.
Subjects of childbearing potential are those who have not been surgically sterilized
or have not been free from menses for > 1 year.
11. Male subjects should agree to use an adequate method of contraception starting with
the first dose of study therapy through 120 days after the last dose of study
therapy.
Major
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Symptomatic brain metastases at the time of initiation of systemic therapy.
2. Other systemic therapy within 14 days of initiation of study drug.
3. Use of corticosteroids to control CNS symptoms. Low-dose steroid use (≤10 mg of
prednisone or equivalent) is allowed.
4. Presence of leptomeningeal disease.
5. Presence of active autoimmune disease. Autoimmune thyroid disease will be allowed if
thyroid function is within normal range.
Overall
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Symptomatic brain metastases. Any neurologic symptoms present must have resolved
with local therapy by the time of administration of study drug.
2. Patients with brain metastases for whom complete surgical resection is clinically
appropriate.
3. Patients with lung cancer with squamous histology.
4. Has had prior chemotherapy or targeted small molecule therapy within 2 weeks prior
to start of treatment or who has not recovered (i.e., ≤ Grade 1 or at baseline) from
adverse events due to a previously administered agent. Previous radiation to
extracranial sites may be completed at any time prior to initiation of
pembrolizumab.
1. Note: If subject received major surgery, they must have recovered adequately
from the toxicity and/or complications from the intervention prior to starting
therapy.
2. Note: Toxicity that has not recovered to ≤ Grade 1 is allowed if it meets the
inclusion requirements for laboratory parameters.
5. Has had prior treatment with any other anti-PD-1 or PD-L1 or PD-L2 agent.
6. The use of corticosteroids to control cerebral edema or treat neurologic symptoms
will not be allowed, and patients who previously required corticosteroids for
symptom control must be off steroids for at least 1 week prior to treatment on day 1
of cycle 1. Low-dose steroid use (≤10 mg of prednisone or equivalent) as
corticosteroid replacement therapy is allowed. 7. Has not recovered (i.e., ≤ Grade 1 or at baseline) from adverse events due to agents
administered more than 4 weeks earlier.
8. Presence of leptomeningeal disease. 9. Has active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2
years (i.e. with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or
immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (eg., thyroxine, insulin, or
physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary
insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a form of systemic treatment.
10. Pregnancy or breast feeding. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is
pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician
immediately. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in
nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with pembrolizumab,
breastfeeding must be discontinued if the mother is treated with pembrolizumab.
11. Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents and may not have
participated in a study of an investigational agent or using an investigational
device within 4 weeks of the first dose of treatment.
12. Either a concurrent condition (including medical illness, such as active infection
requiring treatment with intravenous antibiotics or the presence of laboratory
abnormalities) or history of a prior condition that places the patient at
unacceptable risk if he/she were treated with the study drug or a medical condition
that confounds the ability to interpret data from the study.
13. Concurrent, active malignancies in addition to those being studied (other than
cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma)
14. Patients with active hemoptysis.
15. Any contraindication to MRI (i.e. patients with pacemakers or other metal implanted
medical devices). An MRI safety questionnaire is required prior to MR imaging.
16. Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids or current
pneumonitis.
17. Has a known Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B (HBV), or Hepatitis C
(HCV) infection.
18. Has received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of trial
treatment.
19. Inadequately controlled hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure >150 mmHg
and/or diastolic blood pressure > 100 mmHg). Anti-hypertensive therapy to achieve
these parameters is allowable.
20. History of myocardial infarction or unstable angina within 3 months prior to Cycle
1, Day 1. 21. History of stroke or transient ischemic attack within 3 months prior to Cycle 1, Day
1. 22. Significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or
recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to Cycle 1, Day 1. 23. Evidence of bleeding diathesis or clinically significant coagulopathy (in the
absence of therapeutic anticoagulation). Any history of significant bleeding or
thrombosis should be discussed the study PIs.
24. Current or recent (within 10 calendar days prior to Cycle 1, Day 1) use of
dipyramidole, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, or cilostazol. 25. Warfarin is not permitted. Prophylactic or therapeutic use of low molecular-weight
heparin (e.g., enoxaparin) or direct thrombin inhibitors are permitted.
26. History of abdominal or tracheoesophageal fistula or gastrointestinal perforation
within 6 months prior to Cycle 1, Day 1. 27. Serious, non-healing or dehiscing wound. 28. Proteinuria > 2.0 g of protein in a 24-hour urine collection. All patients with 2
protein on dipstick urinalysis at baseline must undergo a 24-hour urine collection
for protein.
29. Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids, current
pneumonitis or evidence of interstitial lung disease.
